6.1 Human Skin on the Molecular Scale

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Figure 6.4: A specific pain receptor, the endothelin-1 receptor is up- or down-regulating via a signal trans-

duction pathway (adapted from [11]).

Figure 6.5: Different signal transduction pathways of TRPV4, resulting in this heat and mechanical sensor

being connected to other functions of skin, including its barrier function, as well as functions all across the

body, including bone development, motor dysfunction, abnormal sensation of osmolarity and blood salt

concentration, hearing impairment, bladder dysfunction, and airway dysfunction (adapted from [12]).